The Universal System of Astronomy, Part Two

Detailed explanation of the Siddhānta-Bhāskara This likely refers to a commentary or a specific section of a larger astronomical work, possibly related to the works of Bhāskara

The rim of the instrument is desired to represent the fixed path of the planetary motion... [within] the seven... with the movement of the fixed pole... in the central region madhya-deśa; historically referring to the central part of the Indian subcontinent, used as a reference for longitudinal calculations. By understanding the variation in the planetary shadow graha-chāyā, one determines the true movement.

In this sequence, the actual path of the planetary motion is established. [Verse] 19

Now he speaks of the point of contact sparśa-sthāna; the specific coordinate where the line of sight meets the planet's position on the instrument. At the place where the sighting pin kīlaka is located, one should observe?... the alignment of the planet. For the observation made in the forenoon, directed toward the pin, the resulting arc of the point of contact on the planetary disk graha-bimba original: graha-vimbadirk; the visible circular face of a planet or the sun is calculated.

At the time of the five-fold observation pañca-kāla-vedha, the position of the pin is aligned with the planet. One should calculate the arrow-sine śara-jyā; the "sagitta" or the height of an arc segment, a fundamental trigonometric value in Indian astronomy by multiplying the measure of the sighting pin by three and seven This refers to a specific mathematical ratio or constant used in the calculation of chords and arcs. By adding or subtracting this value, the exact portion of the planetary disk is determined. [Verse] 20

He then speaks of the elevation of the planet grahochitā. With the knowledge of the Sun's position... Scribe's name: Rāma the arc is calculated on the level ground. When the planet is placed upon the instrument, the contact and the elevation are famously known... between the two parts of the rim... the altitude of the planet is found through the shadow of the sighting pin kīla-chāyā.