The Universal System of Astronomy, Part Two

...measured by the local equinoctial shadow palabhā; the shadow cast by a vertical pole at noon on the day of the equinox in one's own region. In the center-plane, the declination krānti; the sun's distance north or south of the celestial equator is calculated by the [sine] of the longitude bhuja. Through the union of the two, the sine jyā is obtained. By the measure of the radius-sine trijyā; the standard radius used in trigonometric calculations, the Maximum Sine of Declination paramakrāntijyā; the sine of the angle of the Earth's tilt, roughly 24 degrees in ancient Indian astronomy is given as 12 | 11 | 53 These figures represent degrees, minutes, and seconds in a sexagesimal system used for precise measurement.

Accepting this measurement, and because the center-point kendra-sthāna is the origin of the unit-sine original: rūpajīvā; literally "one-sine" or the standard unit, one should proceed. Starting from the center-place, using the measure of the radius-sine nijyā, the position of the maximum declination is established. From the two points established from the center—relating to the Sky-line ākāśarekhā; the vertical axis and the Earth-line bhūrekhā; the horizontal axis—one finds the position on the circumference paridhi by means of a straight line, like a knee-joint original: jānukāreṇa; likely referring to an angular or bent-line geometric construction.

From that point, up to the limit of the Sky-line, the desired Declination-sine krāntijyā is found. By establishing the Sine of Longitude bhujajyā as the "side" the horizontal base of a right-angled triangle and the Radius-sine trijyā as the "hypotenuse" original: karṇa, the Maximum Sine of Declination is derived.

M:

By the falling of the hypotenuse at the center-point, the Declination-sine is marked. From the limit of the Sky-line, which is formed by a straight line, the Declination-sine krāntijyā meets the circumference at a specific point. Because of this, the Maximum Sine of Declination is marked from the Sky-line using a straight line to the circumference...