Si. Sā. Mau. original: "Si Sā Mau," abbreviation for the Siddhānta Sārvabhauma by the 17th-century astronomer Munīśvara

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If the fixed pole dhruva: the celestial pole or a fixed starting point for measurement is separate from the planet, the planet should be added to or subtracted from it as appropriate. 19 Then the planet's position in the secondary region, the difference between the base and the interval multiplied by three and divided by the measure of the gnomon-pin, the result's arc is the "arrow" śara: the sine of the celestial latitude or an angular offset of the planet. 20

If there is a divergence in the planet's position, it should be placed in the designated spot. From the rotation of the celestial sphere, the segments are determined, as is the altitude of the planet. 21 Following the previously mentioned method, the true position of the planet is calculated sequentially. From the planet's light and the corrected previous observation, the ascendant Lagna: the point of the zodiac rising on the eastern horizon at a specific moment and the shadow are determined. 22

During the day, if the direction is unknown to the observer, the time cannot be known. At night, one should use the position of the Sun increased by six signs original: ṣaḍ-yuta-arka; adding 180 degrees to the Sun's longitude to find the point exactly opposite it in the sky, used for nighttime calculations to determine the time elapsed since sunset. 23 This method is always valid. Thus, the time elapsed at night is understood through this process. This section is well-known and understood by all. 24

All the variations of the plate's placement described here are clearly explained in the Yantra-cintāmaṇi The "Jewel of Instruments," a famous 15th-century treatise on astronomical instruments by Chakradhara; therefore, I have not described them in detail here. 25 One should construct a board phalaka twenty-six finger-widths angula: a traditional unit of measure, roughly 1.9 cm or 3/4 inch in length and As the Sun, p. 22 ten finger-widths in width. From the base of the instrument, markings such as lines and plumb-lines are made. 26

In this circular arrangement, a hole should be made in the center, described as having the width of one finger. A straight rod śalākā should be placed there, extending outwards. 27 A thick, straight strip paṭṭī is made with a sight at one end, two finger-widths in size. It should be attached loosely so that it can rotate freely. 28

The circumference of the circle is marked with 360 degrees. On this, the "Hypotenuse of the Latitude" akṣakarṇa: the hypotenuse of the shadow cast by a 12-digit gnomon at noon on the equinox, used to determine local latitude is marked. The radius trijyā multiplied by the Sun’s day-sine dyujyā... calculation?... 29

This marking should be made by a calculator gaṇaka: a mathematician or astronomer. The sine of the ascensional difference carajyākā: the difference between the actual rising of a sign and its rising on the equator multiplied by the Sun's position and divided by the radius gives the result. This is used for calculations within the instrument. 30

In this way, the "Board Instrument" Phalaka-yantra is held. On its sides, the light of the Sun, equal to the ascendant, is observed. 31