Jyotirvidabharanam (Kalidasa)

...the elapsed years. Thus, the current year is named Plava Plava is the 35th year in the 60-year Jovian cycle, which is the thirty-fifth year in the sequence. This is calculated exactly as brought forth in the Ratnamala Ratnamala: "The Jewel Necklace," a famous 11th-century astronomical work by Sripati. From the remainder of that calculation, the elapsed months and days of the current year should also be determined. This is clearly understood by experts. 15

Next, in the Upajati meter A Sanskrit poetic meter combining elements of Indravajra and Upendravajra, the author describes the measure of day and night for the inhabitants of the heavens the gods based on the solstices.

"Then," in sequence, the two paths are known as the Southern (Dakshina) and the Northern (Saumya). These correspond to the signs starting with Scorpio original: "Keeta" and Capricorn original: "Mriga". What is the meaning? Each path is associated with two specific points. In the signs starting with Cancer original: "Karka", it is the Southern Solstice (Dakshinayana). In the signs starting with Capricorn (Makara), it is the Northern Solstice (Uttarayana). For the inhabitants of the heavens, these two paths constitute their day and night, appearing clearly. This is confirmed by the sun's position when combined with the degrees of precession (Ayanamsha).

Then, starting from the signs of Scorpio and Capricorn respectively, the Southern and Northern solstices are established. For the inhabitants of the heavens, the day and night are clearly visible based on the sun’s position including the degrees of precession. 17

The Shaka year Shaka: The historical era starting in 78 CE is reduced by the number 421 original OCR: "4551", but contextually this refers to the epoch constant for the Bhasvati, often 421 or 442, then multiplied and divided by sixty (60). These are known as the Ayanamshas Ayanamsha: The longitudinal difference between the Tropical and Sidereal zodiacs caused by the precession of the equinoxes. I have not described the measurement of the Creator Brahma here, as it is impractical for daily worldly affairs. 18 ॥ श्री <-

The sun is the orb of light. Starting from the sign of Cancer, during the Southern Solstice, it is night for the gods. Starting from Capricorn, during the Northern Solstice, it is day. The term Saumya refers to the North; thus, the Northern path is called Saumayana. 17

Next, the author explains the measurement of the degrees of precession in the Upajati meter. Regarding the "Shaka" year: the Shaka year is taken and the specified constants are applied. The Shaka year, once processed and multiplied by sixty, yields the degrees of precession. The remainder is known as the "parts of time." Following this, in my work—this present book—I have not spoken of the measurements used by Brahma, the creator of the world, starting from the sign of Aries or Pisces. This is because of its impracticality original: "avyavaharikattva"; such cosmic measurements are not used in the common calculations of the people in this world. 18 ॥ ॥