Lilavati (Bhaskaracharya)

If one hundred silk bands original: "paṭṭa", each measuring two and three handsA "hand" or "hasta" is a unit of length approximately equal to a cubit, or 18 inches. in width and thickness and eight hands in length, are obtained for a certain price, then tell me quickly, O merchant, if you truly understand trade: what would be the result for a silk cloth that is three and a half hands long and stretched to a width of three hands? 39.

Statement original: "nyāsaḥ": 3 | 7
The Results original: "labdhā" obtained: NiṣkasA high-value gold coin. 0, DrammasA standard silver coin. 14, 9, 9, KākiṇīsA small copper coin, usually 1/64th of a dramma. 1, 8, 6, and VarāṭakasCowrie shells, the smallest unit of currency. 8. The remainder is 3/2.

Example of the Rule of Nine

original: "navarāśikodāharaṇam"

Regarding a block original: "piṇḍe":

8 8 8 8
10 10 10 8
9 9 9 9

...of a certain thickness and a width of twenty-four fingersoriginal: "angula"; a unit of measure roughly 3/4 of an inch.. If those that are fourteen hands in length obtain a value of one hundred, then tell me, my friend, what price do fourteen such slabs obtain when they are four units less in those dimensions of width, length, and thickness? 40.

9
24
30

Statement: 12 | 8 36 | 30
The Value obtained: 16 Niṣkas and 3/2.

Example of the Rule of Eleven

original: "ekādaśarāśikodāharaṇam"

In the first case, the measurements of the silk bands are given as 24 and 12 40 | 40. For those existing in that form, bring the Freight original: "bhāṭakam"; the cost of transport in DrammasSilver coins. for a cart. If others are mentioned thereafter with measurements reduced by four, what would be the freight for 6 of those forms? Tell me. 41.

Statement: The amount of freight Drammas obtained is 8.

Exchange of Commodities

original: "bhāṇḍapratibhāṇḍa"; literally "goods for counter-goods" or barter.