Treatise on the Sun

The terrestrial days original: "modyā" — a term referring to terrestrial or civil days are 1,582,237,828. Subtracting the 4,320,000 solar revolutions original: "bhānu bhagaṇena", the remaining civil days are 1,577,917,828.

In a Great Age (Yuga), the backward revolutions of the Moon’s node The node is the point where the moon's orbit crosses the sun's path; "backward" refers to its retrograde motion. are: eight, three, two, two, eleven, and two 33 232,238. The terrestrial days original: "bhūmisāvanavāsarāḥ" — civil days measured from sunrise to sunrise—also called civil days—in an Age are: eight, two, eight, seven, one, nine, seven, seven, five, and one 34 1,577,917,828. The lunar days original: "cāndrāḥ" — a lunar day or Tithi is slightly shorter than a solar day are: zero, eight, zero, zero, zero, zero, three, zero, six, and one 35 1,603,000,080. The intercalary months original: "adhimāsakāḥ" — extra months added to the calendar to keep lunar and solar years aligned are: six, three, three, three, nine, five, and one 36 1,593,336. These are determined by multiplying the revolutions by their respective periods.

The omitted lunar days original: "tithidvayā" — days dropped from the calendar because the lunar day is shorter than the civil day are: zero, zero, three, zero, zero, four, eight, one, and five 38 518,400,300. The text here follows a system where numbers are read from right to left using symbolic words, though the glosses provide the direct digits. The solar months in an Age are: zero, zero, zero, zero, four, eight, one, five, and one 37.

Lunar months are the difference between the revolutions of the Moon and the Sun. Subtracting the solar months from these leaves the remaining intercalary months. 38 Terrestrial days are obtained by subtracting the omitted lunar days from the lunar days. The civil days are also the lunar days minus the intercalary days. 39

These figures, when multiplied by a thousand, represent the counts in an Aeon (Kalpa). The revolutions of the Sun’s slow point original: "Sūryamanda" — the apogee, or the point in the orbit furthest from the center of motion in an Aeon are: seven, eight, and three 40 387.

For Mars, the revolutions of the slow point are 204; for Mercury, 368 368; for Jupiter, 832 832; for Venus, 534; and for Saturn... 41 The revolutions of the slow point of Saturn and of the nodes original: "pātānāṃ" which move backward... for Mars, they are 214; for Mercury, 488; for Jupiter, 174; and for Venus, 903. The revolutions for the node of Saturn are declared to be 389 in an Age. 389 42