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The remainder of the page is blank, showing the natural aging, foxing, and texture of the handmade paper. These flyleaves were essential in traditional manuscript binding to protect the inscribed folios from wear, dust, and handling.
Ratnamala: Literally "a garland of jewels." In the Sanskrit literary tradition, "Mala" (garland) or "Ratna" (jewel) are frequently used in titles to suggest that the work is a precious collection of distilled wisdom or essential verses. In astrological literature, the "Jyotisharatnamala" by the 11th-century scholar Shripati is one of the most famous works of this type.
Jyotisha: Often translated as "Astrology," the term literally means the "Science of Light." In the Indian tradition, it is one of the six auxiliary disciplines of the Vedas and includes three branches: mathematical astronomy, omen-based astrology, and horoscopic astrology.