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original: पंचस्वराः (Pañcasvarāḥ). The Panchasvara is a specific system of Indian astrology (Jyotisha). It utilizes the five primary vowels of the Sanskrit alphabet—a, i, u, e, and o—to perform calculations for divination. By assigning these vowels to different directions, planets, or time periods, practitioners can predict the outcomes of events or determine auspicious timing based on a person’s name.
original: पत्राणि (Patrāṇi). In the context of traditional Indian manuscripts, this term refers to the individual leaves—often made of handmade paper or palm leaf—that comprise the text. This specific manuscript contains ten such leaves.