The Five Sounds

...the Sun, Venus original: bhṛguja; "born of Bhrigu," referring to Venus, Mercury original: himāṃśuja; "born of the cool-rayed one (the Moon)," referring to Mercury, and Saturn original: śaudraḥ; likely a variant for Sauri, a name for Saturn. Saturn and Jupiter; Mars and Mars; the Sun, Venus, and Mercury.

Mercury during the night; the Moon and Jupiter. Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, and Venus original: daitya-guru; "the preceptor of the titans," a name for the planet Venus; Venus, Mercury, and the messengers original: dūtakāḥ; likely referring to the quick-moving nature of Mercury. Jupiter, Mars original: mahīja; "born of the earth," a name for Mars, and the Sun enjoy [the rule] during the night.

The Lords of the Night Time-Units

These are the lords of the time-units daṇḍa A danda is a traditional unit of time lasting approximately 24 minutes. There are 60 in a full day-night cycle. during the night, in their proper order.

The Sub-periods of the Ketu Pataka System

Now, the author declares the sub-period days antardina These represent the duration of influence for each planet within a single solar year of 365 days. according to the Ketu Pataka A "Pataka" is a specific type of astrological chart or banner used in Vedic astrology to determine the strength and timing of planetary influences. system:

• The Sun: 23 days original: raver-nakha 3; the word "Nakha" (fingernails) is a symbolic code for the number 20. Adding 3 gives 23.
• The Moon: 50 days original: candramāsaḥ vi-bāṇā; "Bāṇā" (arrows) symbolizes the number 5, used here as a multiple for 50.
• Mars: 28 days original: kujeṣṭa-yugmaṃ; "Aṣṭa" is 8 and "Yugma" (pair) is used to indicate the tens place.
• Mercury: 56 days original: budha-ṣaṭka-pañca; literally "six and five."
• Saturn: 33 days original: śanair-guṇāgni; "Guṇa" (qualities) and "Agni" (sacred fires) are both symbolic terms for the number 3.
• Jupiter: 62 days original: bhṛgusetrikālā; likely a scribal variant or error for Guru/Jupiter, as the calculation requires 62 days here.
• Rahu: 44 days original: rāho-khā 4 vedā; "Kha" is 0 or space, and "Veda" represents the number 4.
• Venus: 73 days original: bhṛguje tri-śailā; "Tri" is 3 and "Śailā" (mountains) is 7.

The sum of all these sub-periods results in 365 days.

Regarding Rahu, there is one...