The Delight of Persian Illumination

Folio 23

It is said that for a yawn jṛmbhā, the term is Khamiz original: "jṛṃbhādya khamijaḥ," from Persian "Khamizeh". For weeping rudita, the word is Giriya original: "dīrīyā," from Persian "Geryeh", and for trembling kampana, it is Larj original: "larja," from Persian "Larzeh". Sleep nidrā is known as Khab original: "khābo," from Persian "Khwāb". For that which is cruel krūra, the term Hule possibly Arabic/Persian "Haul" meaning terror or "Hula" meaning fierce is used. For negligence or intoxication pramāda, the word is Kaifiyat original: "kāphīttī," often meaning a state of being or intoxication in Persian/Arabic.

Regarding form and color rūpa, the term is Rang original: "raṅgaḥ". Sound śabda is called Awaz original: "āvāja". For shame lajjā, the term is Sharm original: "śarana," a phonetic rendering of the Persian "Sharm". Smell gandha is Boy original: "boyaḥ," from Persian "Bū", and touch sparśa is rendered as Lamas original: "lāmasa," from the Arabic/Persian "Lams".

In the category of tastes, salt lavaṇa is namak?. Sugar candy miśrī is used for sweetness madhura. For the pungent taste kaṭu and astringent taste kaṣāya, the words ...? are used. For the general sense of juice or taste rasa, the term is Aras likely "Araq" or "Ras".

Regarding colors: for red rakta, the terms are Lal and Surkha original: "lāla surkhā". For yellow pīta, the word is Jarad original: "jarada", and for white śita, it is Sifed original: "siphedaḥ". A variegated or multi-colored thing citra is called Sabz-rang original: "sadderaginisyā... sarangaḥ," though "Sabz" usually implies green, the text seems to be mapping color varieties.

Fragrance sugandha and stench durgandha are Khushboi and Badboi original: "khuśaboī vadaboī". For speech or a word vacana, one says Sakhun original: "sakhuna". For a name nāman, the term is Ism original: "isma".

In the context of social standing: arrogant speech sāhaṃkāra vacana is ...?. Fame kīrti is called Neki virtue/goodness or Neknami good name. Conversely, infamy vadanāmī is Badnami. For glory or majesty pratāpa, terms like Zikr original: "jkarānna," perhaps referring to being mentioned or remembered are used. A loud noise or commotion kolāhala is Shughura original: "sugorā," likely Persian "Shughl" or "Ghor".

Falsehood mithyā is called Darogh or Khilaf original: "daroga khilāpheca". For idle chatter or babbling pralāpa, the term is Yawadda original: "yāvadda," from Persian "Yāva" (nonsense). Regarding knowledge and the soul: birth janma is Khuda this mapping is unusual, perhaps implying the divine origin of birth, and the living soul jīva is Jan original: "jīvaḥ āśo," potentially Persian "Jān". A capable or wise person is Qabil original: "kāvila".