The Delight of Persian Illumination

Bismillah misamilā original: "misamilā," from the Arabic Bismillah, meaning "In the name of God" is the beginning, like a primary jewel among words. In the context of what is pure or correct, it is known as Sadi original: "sadī," likely meaning simple or truthful; that which is incorrect or an error is called Ghalat galatīnā original: "galatīnā," from the Persian ghalat. A man who gives is a donor, while the opposite is a fool. A Leaf of paper is called a Varq original: "varkaṃ," from the Persian warq. To dip into Ink maṣī...

In the Inkwell maṣīpātre, the Pen or writing tool lekhunadaṇḍe is called a Qalam kalama. The act of writing royal decrees or formal work is known as Kar-raj original: "kararājaḥ," possibly from the Persian kār, meaning work or deed. A Line or row of text is called a Satar original: "satarakutā," from the Arabic satr, and the brightness or luster of the ink is known as Raushni original: "ronī," from the Persian raushnī.

In the sense of wealth and duty, Alms-giving dāna is called Zakat jakkā original: "jakkā," the Islamic practice of alms-giving. When speaking of spiritual realization or the distinction of knowledge, it is called Ma'rifat māraphata original: "māraphata," meaning mystical knowledge or gnosis. To describe the three types of suffering mukkasuli?. A Shop is an Aapan or Dukan. A digit, amount, or piece of writing is called a Raqam original: "rakalama/rakama".

An Oath is called a Saugandh original: "saugandhai," from the Persian saugand. In the context of blame or censure, specific terms are used. A Noble person is called a Sharif snārīphaḥ original: "snārīphaḥ," from the Arabic sharīf. An attribute or a word of praise is called a Sifat siphanu original: "siphanu," from the Arabic ṣifat. An Invocation or calling out is a Nelavah.

In the context of a Question, it is a Sawal savāta original: "savāta," from the Arabic su’āl. The Answer is a Jawab jabāvaḥ. A sacred word or Mantra is called a Kalima original: "kalimā," the Islamic confession of faith. The twilight ritual or Daily Prayer sandhyā is known as Namaz nimājaḥ original: "nimājaḥ," from the Persian namāz.

For concluding or performing auspicious works, the recitation of sacred verses is called Fatiha phātaharūḥ original: "phātaharūḥ," referring to the opening chapter of the Quran. A Fast or ritual of abstaining from food upavāsa is called a Roza terojaḥ original: "terojaḥ/roja". Wrath or divine anger is Qahr original: "kahara". Silence mauna is called Khamoshi khāmośī.

A Blessing āśīrvāde is called a Dua duā. Conversely, in disputes, a Curse is called a Baddua badduā. Well-being or goodness is called Khair original: "raveraṃ". To be Extremely Kind is to be Meherban mihramāna, and such Kindness or favor is Mehermani.

A Generous Giver dātā is known as a Sakhi sarakhī. A Homeland or country vatan is called a Mulk mulka. An Assembly or social gathering is a Majlis majlisī. A Poet kaviḥ is called a Shair śāir. The presence of a Saint or a great person is addressed as Hazrat hajarata. Finally, keep your mouth in Silence, which is Khamoshi.