The Delight of Persian Illumination

Companions and young attendants should be known as Ham-jawan original: hamma jawānā, from Persian ham-javān, meaning peers or fellow youths. The Superintendent of the Treasury koṣādhipaḥ is called a Khajanchi khajānī original: khajānī mī, from Persian khazānchi.

A judge prāḍvivāka is a Qazi kājī, one who deliberates original: vicāraka on matters of law; he should be firm in the scriptures of righteousness. A ruler or one who issues commands is a Hakim hākima original: ājñā kartā. A writer or scribe is called a Nawis nivīsa.

Justice or punishment daṇḍa is called Adal adala from Arabic 'adl. A chief official or trustee is known as an Amin āmīna, and a governor or ruler is called a Shasaka.

A friend is called Dost dosta and also Yaar yāra. For a companion or one of the same age, friendship is Dosti dostī and Yari yārī. A doorkeeper or porter devarika is called a Darwazi darvājī.

Regarding crimes or offenses aparādha, the term used is Gunah gunāha. In the context of governance, jajara? is the term used. Support or confirmation is called Nivaji likely nawāzi, meaning favor or patronage.

Grace or favor prasāda is Karam karama, and pleasure or joy is Khushi khuśī. One who is worthy or fit yogya is called Laiq lāika by the learned. Bravery or valor is Shuja'at OCR: sajāvata, likely shujā'at. In times of disaster or for an enemy vipade, the term Ganim ganīma often used in Marathi to refer to guerrilla enemies, from Arabic ghanīm is used. Essential or necessary āvaśyaka is termed Zarur OCR: jajīmate.

In the context of a treaty or peace sandhau, it is called Sulh sulaha. Humility or a petition is Arzu OCR: anuvinayade. That which is fixed or certain is Mushakhas muśakasa, and that which is uncertain or not fixed is Na-mushakhas nāmuśakasa.