The Delight of Persian Illumination (1643) - Page 20

Page 20

In the context of a legal dispute, a plaintiff vādī is called a Muddayi mṛddhī original: "vādī tu mṛddhī", from Arabic-Persian mudda'ī. An accusation or legal claim abhiyoga is known as a Dawa dāvā from Arabic da'wa. For wealth in the form of gems ratna, the term is Jawahir javā hiraṃ from Arabic jawāhir. Regarding a deposit or trust nyāsa... and for a diamond hīraka, the word is Hira hīra.

It is said that for a sale or transaction vikrama, the term is Mise perhaps related to Persian mīza or a local variant for trade. A turquoise stone harinemaṇi is called Firoza phiroja. A desire for gain or greed lipsā... a servant sevaka is known as a Naukar naukaro. In the manner of brass rīti, it is called Birinj bīrīja from Persian birinj.

Regarding metals: for iron loha... and for lead... mercury is called Simab sīmāra likely a corruption of Persian sīmāb. Realgar manaḥśilā a red-orange arsenic sulfide mineral is called Kavesi kāvesī.

Orpiment haritāla a yellow arsenic sulfide mineral is called Zarni jarani from Persian zarnīkh. Cinnabar hiṅgula is known as Shingraf siṅgarī original: "siṅgarī ke hiṅgule", from Persian shingarf.

For the act of arrival āgamana... for speaking and hearing kathana-śravaṇa... buying and selling saṃkraya-vikraya is called Kharid-Farokht kharīda-pharokta from Persian kharīd-o-furokht. In matters of conduct or vigilance varta, it is Jagar jagāra.

A village grāma is called a Deh deha from Persian deh. The subjects or common people prajā are known as Ryot rayyata from Arabic ra'iyyat. Among those who tend cattle paśu-cāraka or in the context of guarding against thieves, a herdsman is called a Galaban galavāna from Persian galla-bān, meaning shepherd or flock-keeper.

For something taken away or stolen apahṛta... and if something is lost or destroyed nāśa, the term used is Kharab kharāba from Arabic kharāb, meaning ruined or bad. For equality sama, the term is Dawa context suggests a parity in claims. A rope raśmi is called Rassi hasi.

Regarding metals loha... for effort or industry udyoga...

Wheat godhūma is called Gandum guṇḍuma from Persian gandum. Grain in general dhānya is referred to as Shali śalī though śāli is specifically rice, here it acts as a general category. For sesame tila and chickpeas caṇaka... a crop sasya is referred to as Zari jarī.