The Delight of Persian Illumination

A touchstone nikasha or a pretext is said to be Bahane original: "vāhunē", from Persian bahānah. Purification or cleaning shodhana is likewise described. Regarding the hand, chest, or a man, the term Nara is used. One who is swift or immediate sadyajava is noted. A waist-belt or girdle kamar is spoken of in relation to a shell or pearl-oyster shukti original: "śo'ḍiphē", from Persian ṣadaf.

A shallow cup or wine-vessel sharava is called Maghe original: "maghē", likely related to Persian may (wine) or maigh. For an intoxicant or wine-drinker madaka, the state of being pure or stainless amala is mentioned. A pillar or support column stambha is known as Sutun original: "phidastuna", from Persian sutūn.

In the context of release or freedom, a person afflicted by madness or melancholy vyadhi is called Sauda original: "saudāyaḥ", from Persian saudā. A servant or slave dasa is known as Ghulam original: "kulāmo", from Persian ghulām. A burden-bearer or porter bharavaha is called Hammal original: "rumnālo", from Arabic/Persian ḥammāl. A laborer is called Mazdur original: "mujdūra", from Persian mazdūr.

For kings and those on the path of the hunt mrigaya, the activity is called Shikar original: "śikāra", from Persian shikār. An outcaste chandala is noted. An expanse or extension vistaraka is called Pharamo possibly from Persian farām. A doer of good is called Nek-kar original: "nē kō kāraḥ", from Persian nēk-kār. One who is wise or learned dana is described as Dana original: "dānā", from Persian dānā.

The heart or mind chitta is called Dil, and a beloved or "heart-stealer" is Dilbar original: "dilavara", from Persian dilbar. The Giver of Boons varada is called Allah original: "ālahe", referring to the Arabic/Persian Allāh. A corpse or the deceased is called Murda original: "murdā", from Persian murdah.

A person who is just or a judge is called Munasif original: "manāsidaḥ", from Persian munaṣif. A wealthy man dhani is noted. Mastery or lordship prabhulata is expressed. One who is compassionate sadaya is called Meherban original: "mēharavāna", from Persian meherbān. One who is attentive or careful savadhana is called Sanjida original: "sajadaḥ", likely from Persian sanjīdah.

Being free or liberated is called Azad original: "ājāda", from Persian āzād. A donkey gardabha is called Gadhar original: "gadara", a vernacular form of gadhā. A talkative person vachala is called Battar original: "vattari", possibly from Persian bat-tar. God is called Khuda original: "khudaḥ", from Persian khudā.