Chapter on Mean Motions

original: "Madhya Adhyayam"

Verse Multiply by thirty (30), add the lunar days; then multiply by eleven (11) and divide by the fire-void-mountains (703) In ancient Indian numerology, "fire" represents 3, "void" represents 0, and "mountain" represents 7. Reading right-to-left, this equals 703.. If an intercalary month occurs, the day-count begins from Friday. If the day does not align, one day should be adjusted; if it still does not align, then adjust accordingly.

Explanation: Multiply the constant years Dhruvabda A fixed number of years used as a starting point for calculations. by 12 and add the months elapsed in the current year. Place this value in three separate positions. In the bottom position, add 46 and divide by 70. The quotient, added to the months in the second position and divided by 33, gives the number of intercalary months original: "Adhimasa"; these are extra months added to the lunar calendar to keep it synchronized with the solar seasons..

Add these intercalary months to the first position and multiply the total by 30. Add the number of elapsed lunar days (tithis) of the current month. Place this result in two positions. Multiply the bottom position by 11 and divide by 703. The resulting quotient represents the omitted lunar days original: "Kshaya-tithi"; because a lunar day is slightly shorter than a solar day, some days are "skipped" in the civil calendar count.. Subtract these omitted days from the top position to arrive at the total count of civil days Ahargana starting from a Friday.

To find the current day of the week, divide this total day-count by 7. The remainder indicates the day, counting from Friday. If the calculated day does not match the actual weekday, one must add or subtract one (or sometimes two) from the total day-count to align it correctly. This adjustment is sometimes necessary due to local variations or specific astronomical conditions.

Verse If the number of intercalary months in the month preceding an intercalary month, or in the intercalary month itself, is greater, subtract one from the intercalary month count and proceed with the calculation of the day-count as described before.

Calculation of the Mean Planets

original: "Madhya Graha Sadhanam"

original: "Suryasya"

Verse Multiply the day-count by thirteen (13) and divide by the qualities-void-nine (903). The result in degrees should be subtracted from the day-count; the result is the mean position of the Sun (and also Mercury) starting from Friday.
The constants are 11 - 16 - 52 - 35. Subtract the minutes obtained from the day-count divided by the three-qualities-ocean-earth (1433) Again using symbolic numbers: Earth=1, Ocean=4, Qualities=3, Three=3. from the Sun’s position. For further accuracy, subtract the value derived from the velocity.