⚠Text is in Leonardo da Vinci's characteristic mirror script and is quite small relative to the diagram.

Machine for Hydraulic Engineering

[Diagram of a large revolving crane or dredging machine with a truss frame and buckets]

for excavating harbors
and for extracting gravel original: "cavar ghiaia"; referring to the removal of sediment or river stones that obstruct navigation.
out of the water
and for making canals. Leonardo often designed such machines for significant infrastructure projects, such as the proposed diversion of the Arno river or the improvement of the Lombardy canal system (the Navigli).