The Manuscripts of Leonardo da Vinci, Vol. 6 (1881) - Page 19

— FOLIO 3 (verso). —

This folio contains tables of Latin verb conjugations, likely copied from a contemporary grammar textbook. Leonardo is mapping these forms to understand the structure of the language.

I love, you love, he loves original: "amo amas amat"
we love, you love, they love original: "amamus amatis amant"
I was loving, you were loving, he was loving original: "amabam amabas amabat"
we were loving, you were loving, they were loving original: "amabamus amabatis amabant"
I will love, you will love, he will love original: "amabo amabis amabit"
we will love, you will love, they will love original: "amabimus amabitis amabunt"

to love, of loving, by loving, for loving original: "amare amandi amando amandum"
to love [supine forms] original: "amatum amatu"

I loved Italian: "ama . vo"
you loved Italian: "ama . vi"
he loved Italian: "ama . va"
we loved Italian: "ama . vamo"
you loved Italian: "ama . vate"
they loved Italian: "ama . vano"

A facsimile shows columns of Latin verb conjugations and Italian suffixes. This provides evidence of Leonardo's systematic self-education in Latin grammar, the language used by the scholars of his time.

— FOLIO 4 (recto). —

Continuation of Latin grammar exercises.

I give, you give, he gives original: "do das dat"
we give, you give, they give original: "damus datis dant"
I was giving, you were giving, he was giving original: "dabam dabas dabat"
we were giving, you were giving, they were giving original: "dabamus dabatis dabant"
I will give, you will give, he will give original: "dabo dabis dabit"
we will give, you will give, they will give original: "dabimus dabitis dabunt"

I shall hear, you will hear, he will hear original: "audiam audies audiet"
we shall hear, you will hear, they will hear original: "audiemus audietis audient"

A manuscript page shows columns of Latin verbs, continuing the grammatical studies seen on the previous folio.

— FOLIO 4 (verso). —

This page contains very faint sketches and minimal text.

A sketchbook page contains faint, indistinct sketches. These include what appears to be a profile of a human face and other rough marks typical of Leonardo's thinking process.

— FOLIO 5 (recto). —

A dense passage in Leonardo's characteristic mirror script concerning the relationship between movement, time, and space.

These four things of nature are inseparably made together as if they were a single thing out of four: which are: place, motion, time, and space. Each of these is by its very nature connected to the others, because place cannot exist without space, nor time without motion, nor motion without space. By these motions, one must measure the distance of places: and motion, space, and time together; they are measured by motion, time, place, and space.

And when you find how much part of time has passed in a certain motion and in a certain space, then you shall divide it by the contrary: that is, you will find how much motion, in how much time, and in how much space has passed. You shall do the same for the remaining parts, and by this, the amount of motion in every time will be found.

— how much will be

A significant text passage where Leonardo discusses the inseparable nature of space, time, and movement. It is written in his iconic mirror script and represents his theoretical writing on physics and dynamics.