Liturgies Eastern and Western (Hammond)

composed. This is even more strikingly shown by the fact that many actual Greek words are used unchanged in unexpected places, such as the deacon’s proclamations to the people. This could only have happened because the people had become so accustomed to the formula that it was considered best to keep it unchanged.

Liturgies belonging to this family: Coptic, Greek, and Ethiopic.

Within this family, there are three surviving liturgies in Coptic: those of St. Cyril, St. Basil, and St. Gregory. There are also three in Greek that correspond exactly to them: St. Mark, St. Basil, and St. Gregory. Of these, the liturgies of St. Mark and St. Cyril most closely represent the ancient Alexandrian type, though St. Basil is now the standard original: "normal" liturgy for the Coptic community. The Ethiopic Liturgy was derived from this ancient Alexandrian model. Its primary form is called the Liturgy “of All Apostles.” This is the version printed later in this book as the Universal Canon original: "Canon Universalis"; the standard Eucharistic prayer of the Ethiopian Church (page 238 following). According to the scholars Dr. Neale and Dr. Littledale, there are sixteen other secondary Ethiopic Anaphoras The central part of the Eucharistic service containing the consecration. still in existence.

3. East Syrian Family: Member liturgies and characteristics.

3. In the East Syrian Family, there are three surviving liturgies. These are often called the Nestorian Liturgies because they are now used only by that religious body; however, the origin of the primary one definitely dates back to before the Council of Ephesus (AD 431), when the denominational separation took place. They are named after St. Adaeus and St. Maris, Theodore of Mopsuestia, and Nestorius. Of these, the first-mentioned is the standard model. It provides the other two with not only the introductory portion original: "pro-anaphoral", but—a feature unique to this family—the entire final portion of the Anaphora relating to the Communion. Aside from the typical lack of variation original: "want of flexibility" found in Eastern rites, its special characteristic is the placement of the Great Intercession The series of prayers for the Church, the state, and various groups of people. in the middle of the Consecration, before the Invocation The prayer asking the Holy Spirit to descend upon the bread and wine.. We shall discuss later (see page 59) the absence of the "Words of Institution" The words spoken by Jesus at the Last Supper: "This is my body... This is my blood." from the standard liturgy. The other two liturgies do contain them. Three other liturgies of this family mentioned by Eastern writers are now lost; they bore the names of Narses, Barsumas, and Diodorus of Tarsus.

"…all those prayers cannot be referred to anything else." original: "alio preces omnes illae referri non possint." (Daniel, Liturgical Code original: "Cod. Liturg.", volume 4, page 87, note.)