Chapter - 1

That is caused by the senses and the mind. (14)

original Sanskrit: "Tad-indriyānindriya-nimittam"

[ The senses and the non-sense ] The five physical senses and the mind [ that ] for that sensory knowledge mati-jñāna [ cause ] are the instrumental causes.

That knowledge is caused by the senses and the mind.
In Jain philosophy, the "non-sense" (anindriya) refers specifically to the mind (manas). While the five senses perceive external objects like color or sound, the mind is the internal faculty that processes this information.

Apprehension, speculation, judgment, and retention. (15)

original Sanskrit: "Avagrahehāvāyadhāraṇāḥ"

[ Apprehension, speculation, judgment, and retention ] These are the four stages or divisions of sensory perception.

The four divisions of sensory knowledge are apprehension, speculation, perceptual judgment, and retention.
These four stages describe the cognitive process: Apprehension (avagraha) is the first awareness of an object; Speculation (īhā) is the desire to know more or clear doubts; Judgment (avāya) is the determination of the object's true nature; and Retention (dhāraṇā) is the internalizing of that knowledge so it can be remembered later.

Of the many, the many kinds, the quick, the hidden, the unuttered, and the lasting, as well as their opposites. (16)

original Sanskrit: "Bahu-bahuvidha-kṣiprāniḥsṛtānukta-dhruvāṇāṃ setarāṇām"

[ Many ] numerous objects; [ many kinds ] objects of various types; [ quick ] things grasped rapidly; [ hidden ] things that have not fully emerged or are partially concealed; [ unuttered ] things not expressed in words; [ lasting ] steady or unchanging objects; [ and their opposites ] along with their opposites—namely: the few, the single kind, the slow, the fully emerged, the uttered, and the transient. Thus, the four stages of apprehension and so on occur regarding these twelve variations of objects.

This sūtra explains that the mind and senses can perceive objects in twelve different ways (six qualities and their six opposites). For example, one might apprehend many things at once or just one thing; one might recognize something quickly or slowly. This creates a highly technical matrix of 48 types of sensory perception (4 stages × 12 object qualities).