格致鏡原 (Gezhi Jingyuan: Mirror of Scientific Origins) 100 Volumes

...poles, the ecliptic, the equator, the twenty-four solar terms, the twenty-eight constellations, the inner and outer star officials, as well as the sun, moon, and five planets. It used dripping water to rotate [the instrument] within the hall, corresponding to the movement, emergence, and disappearance of the stars in the sky. Because of its mechanisms, it also rotated the "Auspicious Wheel" rui lun and "Mo Ying" the name of a mechanical gear below the steps, which would open and close in accordance with the moon's waxing and waning based on the calendar. Book of Jin, Treatise on Astronomy: The ancient armillary model used a ratio of two 'fen' to one degree, with a circumference of seven feet three and a half 'cun'. Zhang Heng revised this to a ratio of four 'fen' to one degree, with a circumference of one foot four 'cun' and six 'fen'. During the Wu dynasty, the regular attendant Lu Jiang Wang Fan, considering the ancient models too small and the stars too crowded, and the instruments too large to move easily, constructed an armillary model with a ratio of three 'fen' to one degree, with a circumference of one foot nine 'cun' and five-thirds of a 'fen'. Cheng Dachang, Yanfanlu Expanded Record of General Matters: During the time of Yao, there was already an Armillary Sphere; the Jade Pivot and Jade Balance are examples. During the Jin dynasty, Lu Ji first constructed an armillary model; its degrees of shadow were the same as the armillary sphere, but its shape and model were the opposite. The Armillary Sphere sets up a four-fold instrument to map the sun, moon, and constellations onto the celestial disk, enclosing the thick earth just like the shell of an egg; this is for copying the original shape to seek [the truth] through adaptation. As for the armillary model, it sets up a round sphere to simulate the celestial degrees, placing the sun and stars onto the actual sphere; the sphere can be rotated, but when a person looks down at it, the celestial disk is actually beneath the person. This is a unique form and structure that conforms to reason. Book of Sui, Treatise on Astronomy: During the Wu dynasty, Lu Ji made an armillary model shaped like a bird's egg, but it did not work according to the laws. Later, Ge Heng revised it to create an 'All-Encompassing Heaven' huntian, placing the earth at the center of the heavens and using machinery to move it; the heavens move while the earth remains still, matching the shadow degrees above. In the 17th year of the Yuanjia era, he again made a small 'All-Encompassing Heaven' using white, green, and yellow pearls to represent the three schools of stars; the sun, moon, and five planets all reside on the ecliptic to model the movement of the heavens, while the earth resides in the middle. Qunshu Kaosuo: In front of the Chongyun Hall of the Liang dynasty's Hualin Garden, a copper instrument was placed. Examining its inscription, it was created by Kong Ting during the time of the pseudo-Liu Yao; this is the method of the ancient Armillary Sphere. Its instrument vaguely depicts the state of the heavens but does not include the permanent stars and the seven luminaries. During the chaos of the Wei and Jin, it was lost to the Western Rong; during the Yixi era, Emperor Gaozu of the Song recovered it in Xianyang.