Taizu His surname was Guo and his personal name was Wei. He served the Han The Later Han as a Privy Councilor and as the Regent of Yedu. He raised an army and entered the capital at Bian, where he assassinated two emperors and usurped the throne. He reigned for three years and lived to the age of fifty-one. He used one era name, ending in the third year of Guangshun, a renzi year 952 CE.

Shizong He was the Prince of Jin; his personal name was Rong. He was the son of Chai Shouli, the elder brother of Emperor Taizu’s Empress. Because Taizu had no sons of his own, he enfeoffed Rong as the Prince of Jin. He reigned for six years and lived to the age of thirty-nine. He used one era name, ending in the sixth year of Xiande, a jiwei year 959 CE.

Gongdi His personal name was Zongxun, and he was the fourth son of Shizong. He ascended the throne at the age of seven and later abdicated the throne to Taizu of the Song Dynasty. He was then honored with the title Prince of Zheng. He reigned for eight months and lived to the age of twenty-one.

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The Thirteen Kingdoms of the Five Dynasties: Illegitimate States and Era Changes, Fifty-Nine Rulers

The era ended in a renzi year; beginning in the second year of Tianfu under the Jin, a dingyou year 937 CE, there were four kings.

Wu: Yang Xingmi He occupied Huainan. His rule began in the first year of Jingfu 892 CE.

This dynasty lasted twenty-eight years before the Southern Tang replaced it. It ended in the second year of dingyou of the following era. The final end came in the eighth year of Kaibao under the Song, an yihai year 975 CE. There were three kings.

Southern Tang: Li Sheng He occupied Jiangnan. His rule began during the Tianfu era of the Later Jin.

The era ended in a renzi year; ended in the first year of Kaiyun under the Jin, a bingwu year 946 CE. There were six kings.

Min: Wang Shenzhi He occupied Fujian. His rule began in the first year of Jingfu under the Tang 892 CE.

The era ended in a renchen year; ended in the third year of Tongguang under the Later Tang, an yiyou year 925 CE. There were two kings.

Former Shu: Wang Jian He occupied Sichuan. His rule began during the Tianyou era of the Tang.

Ruling over eighteen prefectures for thirty-five years, the state was eventually destroyed by Emperor Zhuangzong of the Later Tang.

From the third year of Tongguang under the Later Tang, an yiyou year, until the third year of Qiande under the Song, an yi... year.

Later Shu: Meng Zhixiang He occupied Xichuan. His rule began during the Tongguang era of the Later Tang.

The kings ruled forty-six prefectures for forty-one years before the Zhu The Later Liang destroyed them.

Southern Han: Liu Yin He occupied Guangdong. His rule began during the Tianyou era of the Tang.

He occupied Hunan. His rule began in the first year of Jingfu.

Chu?: Ma? Yin

original vocabulary: 太祖 (Taizu/Grand Ancestor), 世宗 (Shizong/Generational Ancestor), 恭帝 (Gongdi/The Respectful Emperor), 五季 (Wuji/Five Dynasties), 僭偽 (Jianwei/Illegitimate or Usurped), 改元 (Gaiyuan/Changing the Era Name)