From the second year of Tianyou of the Tang 905 CE, an yiyou year, to the fourth year of Kaibao of the Song 971 CE, a xinwei year.

Northern Han: Liu Chong

Began with the occupation of Jinyang modern-day Taiyuan, Shanxi.
There were five rulers in total, governing forty-seven prefectures for sixty-seven years until the Song Dynasty destroyed it.

Wuyue: Qian Liu

Began with the occupation of Liangzhe the regions of western and eastern Zhejiang.
The dynasty began in the second year of Qianning of the Tang (yimao year) 895 CE and ended in the third year of Taiping Xingguo of the Song (wuyin year) 978 CE. There were five rulers.
They held three prefectures The text reads "three," though historical records typically cite thirteen for eighty-four years, until Qian Chu surrendered the territory and led his entire clan to return to the capital Kaifeng. The state was then abolished, and he was enfeoffed as the Prince of Huaihai. His descendants remained in the Song.

Chu: Ma Yin

Began with the occupation of Hunan in the third year of Qianning of the Tang (bingchen year) 896 CE and ended in the first year of Guangshun of the Zhou (xinhai year) 951 CE. There were six rulers governing thirty-three prefectures for fifty-six years.

Nanping: Gao Jichang

Began with the occupation of Jingnan in the third year of Kaiping of the Liang (dingmao year) 909 CE and ended in the first year of Qiande of the Song (guihai year) 963 CE. There were five rulers.
The Southern Tang destroyed it. Qin

Li Maozhen

Began with the occupation of Fengzhou in the third year of Guangqi of the Tang (dingwei year) 887 CE. Afterward, his status was the same as that of the Later Tang meaning he submitted to their authority.

Yan: Liu Shouguang

Occupied Youzhou modern-day Beijing; he was a native of Shenzhou. His father, Liu Rengong, served as the JiedushiMilitary Governor of Lulong during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang. Emperor Taizu of the Liang enfeoffed him as the Prince of Yan. Shouguang imprisoned his father, Rengong, and killed his brother, Shouwen. Shouguang then became the Military Governor of Lulong. In the second year of [the era] likely referring to his illegitimate era, around 913 CE, a jiashen year, the family's rule reached thirty-eight years before Mingzong of the Later Tang destroyed them. Shouguang had arrogantly declared himself the Emperor of Great Yan, a title he held for three years in total before Li Cunxu, the Prince of Jin, destroyed his state.

Western Xia: Li Yichang

A descendant of Tuoba Sigong. The Tang Dynasty granted the family the imperial surname Li. For generations, they served as the JiedushiMilitary Governor of Xiazhou. This lineage continued through the Five Dynasties, the Song, and the Jin, until finally the Yuan Dynasty destroyed them.