Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms

People, Volume Twelve


Kingdom of Java original: "Guawa guo"; located in modern-day Indonesia	Kingdom of Srivijaya original: "Sanfoqi guo"; a powerful maritime empire centered on Sumatra
Kingdom of Foluo’an original: "Foluo'an guo"; likely a state on the Malay Peninsula or southern Thailand	Uyghurs original: "Huihu"; a Turkic-speaking people of Central Asia
Kingdom of Khotan original: "Yutian guo"; an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert	Kingdom of Muba of the Tazi original: "Dashi Wuba guo"; "Dashi" is the Chinese transcription for "Tazi" or Arabs; Muba refers to a specific territory under the Islamic Caliphate
Kingdom of Berbera of the Tazi original: "Dashi Bipiluo guo"; likely referring to the Somali coast or the Berber regions of North Africa	Kingdom of India original: "Tianzhu guo"; the traditional Chinese name for the Indian subcontinent
Kingdom of Saracha original: "Shaercha guo"; possibly a transcription for the Al-Sharqiya region or a Middle Eastern city	Kingdom of the Almoravids original: "Mulanpi guo"; referring to the Berber dynasty that ruled North Africa and southern Spain
Kingdom of the Black-Robed original: "Wuyi guo"; a literal reference to the Abbasid Caliphate, whose banners and official dress were black	Kingdom of Women original: "Nüren guo"; a legendary land appearing in various historical records, often placed in the remote islands or mountains
Kingdom of Greater Java original: "Da Shepo guo"; another term used for the Indonesian archipelago or specifically the island of Java	Kingdom of Mirbat original: "Maliba guo"; a historic port in the Dhofar region of modern-day Oman
Kingdom of Dogs original: "Gou guo"; a mythical nation often described in early Chinese ethnographies where people were said to have canine features	Kingdom of Xiaoyi original: "Xiaoyi guo"; an unidentified or phonetically transcribed foreign kingdom
Kingdom of East India original: "Dong Yindu guo"	Kingdom of the Tazi original: "Dashi guo"; the general term for Arabia and the Islamic world during the Ming Dynasty

This list demonstrates the Ming Dynasty's expansive worldview, blending accurate geographical knowledge of trade partners in Southeast Asia and the Middle East with long-standing legends of mythical kingdoms at the edges of the known world.