Volume 11 (Continued)


Hunwu Sanseng original: 昏吾散僧. A phonetic transcription, likely referring to a specific nomadic or Central Asian group.	Kingdom of Sanfuda original: 三伏馱國. Likely a transcription for Samarkand or a neighboring Central Asian city-state.	Muzhiyi original: 木直夷. A phonetic name for a non-Han ethnic group, likely located on the western frontier.	Kingdom of Wufubu original: 烏伏部國. A tribal kingdom, possibly Turkic or Mongolic in origin.	Kingdom Near the Buddha original: 近佛國. A descriptive name applied to regions in close proximity to major Buddhist centers in India or Central Asia.	Kingdom of Yiqu original: 義渠國. An ancient state of the Western Rong people located in modern-day Gansu Province; they were significant rivals to the early Qin state.	Kingdom of Subushini original: 蘇部識匿國. A transcription for Shighnan, a mountainous region in the Pamir range.	Kingdom of Wusun original: 烏孫國. An ancient nomadic people of the Ili Valley who were important allies of the Han Dynasty against the Xiongnu.	Kingdom of Zhengrui original: 正瑞國. Literally 'Kingdom of Righteous Omens,' likely a legendary or auspicious land.
Kingdom of the Black Mong original: 黑蒙國. Refers to a branch of the Mong/Miao or Mongol people, distinguished in historical texts by the color of their clothing.	The Rang original: 獽. An ancient ethnonym for indigenous groups in the mountainous regions of Southern China, often categorized alongside the Liao or Yao peoples.	Kingdom of the Western Oceans original: 西洋國. A general term for maritime states in the Indian Ocean, sometimes specifically identifying Calicut or Champa in various Ming records.	Kingdom of Daoming original: 道明國. Literally 'Kingdom of the Clear Way,' possibly a phonetic rendering or a symbolic name for a Buddhist state.	Kingdom of the Tattooed original: 文身國. A legendary or semi-historical land whose people marked their bodies; traditionally associated with early Japan or the islands of Southeast Asia.	Kingdom of Gandhara original: 乾陀國. An ancient kingdom and center of Buddhist learning located in present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan, famous for its unique Greco-Buddhist art.	Kingdom of Kucha original: 龜茲國. A major Buddhist kingdom and oasis hub on the Northern Silk Road, renowned for its music and its role in translating sutras.	Kingdom of Xinyuju original: 新于且國. A phonetic transcription for a Central Asian state, likely a variation or subdivision of Khotan.	Kingdom of Yanbo original: 檐波國. Likely a transcription for Champa (in modern Vietnam) or a nearby coastal kingdom.