Page Thirty [...]

Overseas [...]


Kingdom of Daqin original: "大秦國" (Dàqín Guó). Historically the Chinese name for the Roman Empire, and later used for the Byzantine Near East.	Kingdom of Baghdad original: "白達國" (Báidá Guó). A transcription of Baghdad, then the center of the Abbasid Caliphate in modern Iraq.	Kingdom of Tuli original: "禿利國" (Tūlì Guó). A phonetic transcription likely referring to a Turkic region or a specific Mediterranean port.	Kingdom of Bengal original: "黙伽臘國" (Mòjiālà Guó). A transcription likely referring to Bengal (or Magadha) in the Indian subcontinent.	Kingdom of Ghazni original: "吉慈尼國" (Jícíní Guó). Referring to the city and empire in modern-day Afghanistan.	Kingdom of Hetiao original: "訶條國" (Hētiáo Guó). Generally identified as an ancient name for a kingdom on the island of Java.	Kingdom of Quilon original: "故臨國" (Gùlín Guó). A major ancient trade port in Kerala, India, known for its pepper.	Kingdom of Tambralinga original: "登流眉國" (Dēngliúméi Guó). An ancient Buddhist kingdom on the Malay Peninsula.	Kingdom of the Navel-less original: "無臍國" (Wúqí Guó). A mythical race mentioned in legendary geographies, said to be born without navels.
Kingdom of Jiaopu original: "繳濮國" (Jiǎopú Guó). A phonetic rendering of a foreign locale, likely in Southeast Asia.	Kingdom of Danmaling original: "單馬令" (Dānmǎlìng). Another transcription for the region of Tambralinga in the Malay Peninsula.	Kingdom of Miejili original: "滅吉里" (Mièjílǐ). A phonetic rendering of a foreign place name, possibly in Central or West Asia.	Kingdom of the Red-Haired original: "紅夷國" (Hóngyí Guó). A term popularized in the Ming Dynasty to refer to the Dutch and other Northern Europeans.	Kingdom of Pinxun original: "頻遜國" (Pínxùn Guó). Likely a transcription of a port city in the South Seas (Nanyang).	Kingdom of the Odd-Arms original: "奇肱國" (Qígōng Guó). A mythical race from the Classic of Mountains and Seas whose people possess one arm and three eyes, and are skilled in making flying chariots.	Kingdom of Lambri original: "隴木節" (Lǒngmùjié). A transcription for Lambri, a kingdom located on the northern tip of Sumatra.	Kingdom of the Three Barbarians original: "三蠻國" (Sānmán Guó). A collective name for legendary tribes or a specific grouping of non-Chinese peoples.	Kingdom of the Immortals original: "不死國" (Bùsǐ Guó). A mythical land where the inhabitants are said to live forever, often associated with the eating of miraculous plants.