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The Xiang Drum

Xiāng original: "相" (Xiāng)

The Xiang Drum The name "Xiang" translates to "assisting" or "guiding." is a vital component of the Ritual Music original: 禮樂 (Lǐyuè) system used during imperial sacrifices and court assemblies. In the traditional hierarchy of Musical Instruments original: 樂器 (Yuèqì), the Xiang serves as a signaling device to lead the ensemble.

As depicted in the woodcut illustration, this Drum original: 鼓 (Gǔ) features a distinct oval body adorned with decorative ribbons on its sides. Historically, it was held or suspended and struck to "assist" the rhythm. In the classic texts on music, the Xiang is described as the instrument that initiates the pulse, ensuring that all players in the orchestra remain in perfect synchrony with the ceremonial proceedings.

The Ying Drum

Yìng original: "應" (Yìng)

The Ying Drum is the ritual counterpart to the Xiang. Its name literally means "to respond" or "to correspond," reflecting its role in a rhythmic dialogue.

In the performance of state music, if the Xiang provides the call, the Ying Drum provides the answer. This relationship embodies the philosophical principle of "stimulus and response" that was central to ancient Chinese political and cosmic thought. The illustration shows a tall, cylindrical instrument that stands much higher than its counterpart. When played together, these two drums frame the musical performance, marking the transitions between different sections of a ritual hymn. Their presence on this page, following the symbols of imperial authority, underscores how music was considered an essential tool of governance and social harmony.