Frankish-Style Cannon

original: "Folangji" (佛狼機). During the Ming Dynasty, this term was used to refer to the Portuguese—whom the Chinese called "Franks"—and specifically to the breech-loading swivel guns they introduced to China in the early 16th century.

This is also the raised sight for aiming

This likely refers to the sighting mechanism or the alignment of the breech with the barrel. "Zhaoxing" (照星), literally "shining star," is the traditional Chinese term for a gun's front sight or bead.

The ingenuity lies here
The ingenuity lies here
These annotations in the original diagram point to the specific mechanical components of the breech and the locking mechanism that allowed for rapid reloading.