Treatise on Armament Technology, Volume 27

Treatise on Armament Technology, Volume 87: Military Drills, Part 8

Page 9

To be thoroughly familiar with geography original: 熟地理 — shú dìlǐ, to understand the rivers and the oceans, to recognize hidden sandbars original: 暗沙 — ànshā; these underwater hazards were a primary concern for coastal defense and naval maneuvers., currents, and standing reefs, to scout the dense thickets and the steep, rugged mountain passes—in the conduct of moving troops, if this is achieved, then this knowledge must be considered the highest priority.

GeographyIn the classical Chinese military tradition, dìlǐ (地理) encompasses more than just mapping; it involves the study of the "veins of the earth," including strategic choke points, water sources, and the influence of terrain on morale and speed.
Moving TroopsOriginal: 行兵 — xíngbīng. This refers to the logistical and tactical movement of an army in the field, as opposed to stationary defense.