Treatise on Armament Technology, Volume 71

...and yet to expect them to suddenly develop a resolve for strict obedience is simply impossible. Therefore, the focus must not be on the heat of battle, but rather on the rigor of training. There are other specific conditions and articles that pertain uniquely to these matters, which are detailed in their respective chapters; I will not repeat them here.

Prohibitions

The Essentials for the Marching Army original: 行軍須知 (Xingjun Xuzhi), a manual of military logistics and conduct states, and the Art of War original: 兵法 (Bingfa), a general reference to classical military strategy also says: "Use rewards as the exterior, and law as the interior." It further says: "Command them through civility original: 文 (wen); lead through education and moral example and unify them through martial discipline original: 武 (wu); lead through strength and regulation; this is what is called 'certain victory.'"

In commanding an army and leading the masses, if rewards are not clearly distributed, then the officers and soldiers will not exert their full effort; if punishments are not strictly enforced, then the soldiers will not maintain order. Therefore, it is said: "Rewards are the Yang Yang: the active, bright, or positive principle in traditional Chinese philosophy; here it refers to the open, visible encouragement of merit..."

The text concludes mid-sentence, transitioning into the philosophical dualism of rewards and punishments as the 'Yang' and 'Yin' of military governance.