Dark Robe

original: "玄衣" (Xuányī). The Dark Robe is the upper garment of the Emperor’s most formal ritual attire, known as the Mianfu. In Chinese cosmology, "Xuan" (a deep, dark color often interpreted as black or a very dark blue-black) represents the mystery and depth of the Northern Heavens. This robe acts as a canvas for the first six of the Twelve Ornaments, which symbolize the virtues of a righteous ruler. In this illustration, the dragons (symbolizing adaptability and power) and the "flowery creature" or pheasant (symbolizing literary elegance) are prominently displayed on the sleeves and shoulders.

Crimson Skirt

original: "纁裳" (Xūncháng). The Crimson Skirt is the lower garment of the ceremonial dress. Its color, "Xun" (a reddish-orange or crimson), represents the Earth, complementing the celestial upper robe. This skirt is traditionally decorated with the remaining six ornaments: the temple cups (filial piety), waterweed (purity), fire (brilliance), grains of rice (the ability to nourish the people), the axe (the power to judge), and the "fu" symbol (the ability to discern right from wrong). These patterns are usually arranged in pairs or groups across the fabric panels.

Dark Robe original: "玄衣" (Xuányī). The upper ceremonial garment representing Heaven.
Crimson Skirt original: "纁裳" (Xūncháng). The lower ceremonial garment representing Earth.
Twelve Ornaments original: "十二章" (Shí'èr zhāng). A system of twelve sacred symbols reserved for the Emperor's ritual clothing, representing the qualities of an ideal sovereign.
Coronation Robes original: "冕服" (Miǎnfú). The highest grade of ritual attire in the imperial court, worn for the most solemn sacrifices and ceremonies.