Treatise on Military Preparation, Volume 101

Military Resources

Combat Part 6

Banners and Flags Part 3

Compiled by Mao Yuanyi of Fangfeng
original: "防風" (Fangfeng). This is a literary pseudonym for the author, Mao Yuanyi, referencing a legendary figure from his ancestral region.

Military Resourcesoriginal: "軍資乘" (Junzicheng). This is one of the five major divisions of the encyclopedia, focusing on the material and logistical requirements of war, including equipment, provisions, and signaling tools.

Banners and Flagsoriginal: "旌旗" (Jingqi). These were the "eyes and ears" of a pre-modern army. In the noise of battle, flags were used to relay complex commands, identify different battalions, and guide movements across the field.

This specific volume is the third installment in a series dedicated to the design, symbolism, and tactical use of military flags during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).