Essentials of the Military Arts: First Collection, Volume 11

Military Logistics — Battle Banners and Flags, Part 3

original: 護兵 (hùbīng). These are elite security personnel assigned to protect the high-ranking officers and the signaling equipment at the heart of the formation.

Command Flagoriginal: 令旗 (lìngqí). These banners were used to relay specific tactical instructions and served as proof of the commander's authority.
Summoning Signaloriginal: 招 (zhāo). A specialized flag used to call specific officers or unit leaders to the general's position for new orders.

Grand Banneroriginal: 大纛 (dàdào). The largest and most prestigious standard in the army, representing the supreme commander. Traditionally, these were topped with yak hair or feathers.
Corner Flagoriginal: 角旗 (jiǎoqí). Flags placed at the four corners of a unit to help maintain its shape and alignment during complex maneuvers.

original: 門旗 (ménqí). These banners designate the entrance to the "inner court" of the general's mobile headquarters, marking a boundary that unauthorized personnel could not cross.