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original: 五方中 (wǔfāng zhōng). In traditional Chinese military theory, the "five directions" refer to North, South, East, West, and Center. These markers designate the core position of the high command.
Small Summoning Signaloriginal: 小招 (xiǎozhāo). A smaller version of the summoning flag used to signal specific lower-ranking officers within the central camp without alerting the entire army.
original: 金鼓旗 (jīngǔ qí). These flags marked the location of the signaling corps, who were responsible for translating the general's visual commands into the rhythmic sounds of gongs and drums.
Signal Bells and Gongsoriginal: 鈴鑼 (língluó). Portable metal instruments used for immediate, short-range signaling to maintain pace or alert specific units.
Zheng Clapper-bellsoriginal: 鉦 (zhēng). A bronze, clapperless bell. In ancient Chinese military protocol, the drum signaled the advance, while the zheng signaled the retreat or a halt.
Trumpetsoriginal: 喇叭 (lǎba). Long brass instruments used to project loud, clear signals across the battlefield.
Boluo Hornsoriginal: 孛囉 (bóluò). A specific type of conical brass trumpet or horn, likely of Mongol or Central Asian influence, known for its distinct, piercing tone used for military maneuvers.