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original: "三才圖會 武備三" (Sancai Tuhui, Wubei San). This encyclopedia, published in 1609, is a comprehensive illustrated guide to the knowledge of the Ming Dynasty.
The "Stomach Flag" (Wei qi) and "Pleiades Flag" (Mao qi) represent the 17th and 18th lunar mansions, both belonging to the White Tiger of the West. In military contexts, these banners were used to coordinate specific divisions and invoke celestial protection.
original: "杖鼓" (Zhanggu). These are double-headed "staff drums" or "waist drums." In a military formation, they served a vital role in signaling maneuvers and maintaining the marching tempo of the infantry.
The "Willow Flag" (Liu qi) and "Ghost Flag" (Gui qi) represent the 24th and 23rd lunar mansions, part of the Vermilion Bird of the South. The arrangement suggests a multi-directional defense or a specific divisional structure based on the cardinal directions.