Volume Eight

original: "卷之八" (Juan zhi ba).

The Kingdom of Sitie?li, The Kingdom of Moga'la original: "黙伽臘國." Likely referring to Bengal or the Ma'bar region of southern India., The Kingdom of Bulasha?, The Kingdom of Jiaoyou

The Kingdom of Jimai, The Kingdom of Hengla, The Kingdom of Guli original: "骨利國." Potentially referring to Calicut or the Turkic Quri people., The Kingdom of the Saracens original: "大食國" (Dashiguo). The standard historical Chinese name for the Islamic Caliphate or Arabia.

The Kingdom of Gandhara original: "乾陀國." An ancient kingdom located in what is now eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan., The Kingdom of Pochang, The Kingdom of Amu original: "阿没國." Likely Amul on the Oxus River., The Kingdom of Qidai original: "契德國." Possibly a transcription of a Central Asian state related to the Khitai.

The Kingdom of Pangling, The Kingdom of Udyana original: "烏長國." Located in the Swat Valley of modern Pakistan., The Kingdom of Jipu, The Kingdom of Bali original: "拔力國." Likely referring to Balkh in modern Afghanistan.

The Kingdom of Khotan original: "于闐國" (Yutian). A major oasis kingdom on the Silk Road famous for its jade., The Kingdom of Women original: "女人國." A common fixture in medieval travelogues, often placed in Central Asia or the southern islands., The Kingdom of Hamou, The Kingdom of Daoming

The Kingdom of Ruijin, The Kingdom of Zhigu, The Kingdom of Quti, The Kingdom of Dingxue

The Kingdom of Kashmir original: "罽賓國" (Jibin). This term historically referred to various regions in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, including Kapisa and Kashmir., The Kingdom of Feinu, The Kingdom of the One-Armed, The Kingdom of the Three-Bodied These entries represent legendary or mythical peoples described in early Chinese geography like the Classic of Mountains and Seas.

The Three Hundred Kingdoms, The Kingdom of Yinchang, The Kingdom of Yeli, The Kingdom of the Crossed-Legs

The Kingdom of Little People original: "小人國." Often described as a land of pygmies in historical folklore., Their Differing Customs and Traditions, The Barbarians of the Four Directions, The Barbarians of the Five Creeks original: "五溪蠻." A historical term for the indigenous ethnic groups inhabiting the borderlands of modern-day Hunan, Hubei, and Guizhou.

The Barbarians of the Three Kingdoms, The Southern Barbarians, The Eastern Barbarians, The Barbarians of Wuping

Local Customs of the Sea Coasts, The Heat and Humidity of the South Seas, The Distant Kingdoms of Panyu original: "番禺" (Panyu). An ancient name for the region around modern-day Guangzhou., The Barbarian Hub of Panyu

Integrity and Loyalty in the South-Central Region, Essential Commodities of the South Seas, The South Produces Leopards, The Pleated Garments of the South-Central Region

Sacrificial Traditions of the South, The Love of Literature in Lingnan original: "嶺南" (Lingnan). Literally "South of the Mountains," referring to the lands south of the Nanling range, encompassing modern Guangdong and Guangxi.