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The Records of the Grand Historian The Shiji, compiled by Sima Qian around 94 BCE states that the Twenty-Eight Mansions preside over the twelve provinces. The commentary on the Book of Han The Hanshu, a history of the Western Han dynasty notes that each of the Twenty-Eight Mansions governs the "Field Divisions" of the various feudal lords.
The Poem states:
The position of Zi is in Aquarius, the site of Qi and Qing.
Chou corresponds to Capricorn, where Yue and Yang are found.
In Yin lies Sagittarius, the lands of Yan and You.
Mao reaches into Scorpio, where one seeks Song and Yu.
Chen belongs to Libra, where the division of Zheng is spread.
Si is Virgo, the hills of Chu and Jing.
In Wu is the Lion, for Zhou, Sanhe, and the Great Yu's land.
Wei resides in Cancer, where Qin and Yong remain.
Shen is the position of Gemini, the provinces of Wei and Yi.
You is Taurus, the territory of Zhao and Ji.
Xu holds Aries, the districts of Lu and Xu.
In Hai is Pisces, where Wei and Bing are gathered.
Twelve Palaces Equivalent to the Western Zodiac, used here to segment the celestial equator.
Field Division original: Fenye (分野). A system of astro-geography where celestial events (like comets or eclipses) in a certain constellation were thought to predict events in the corresponding earthly region.
Twenty-Eight Mansions Stations along the moon's path, used as a celestial coordinate system.
Nine Provinces The traditional administrative divisions of ancient China, often expanded to twelve in various historical systems.
Aquarius, Capricorn, etc. These Western zodiac names were introduced to China via Buddhist translations and later through Jesuit influence, often mapped onto the traditional Chinese "Twelve Branches."
Shiji and Hanshu The foundational dynastic histories of China, providing the legal and cosmological basis for these correlations.
Geography The study of the earth's features in relation to the heavens.