Pine

The Pine Treeoriginal: 松 (Sōng). In Chinese culture, the pine is revered as one of the "Three Friends of Winter," symbolizing longevity, resilience, and the upright character of a scholar because it remains green throughout the coldest months. is a primary subject of botanical and artistic study. This illustration captures the gnarled, "dragon-scale" texture of the bark and the needle-like foliage that characterizes the species.

Collected Illustrations of the Three Realms, Volume 9 of Herbs and Trees: Table of Contents


Small-leaved Elmoriginal: 蕪荑 (Wuyi). The processed seeds of Ulmus macrocarpa, historically used in medicine to eliminate parasites and treat digestive ailments.	Cornelian Cherryoriginal: 山茱萸 (Shanzhuyu). The fruit of Cornus officinalis, valued in traditional formulas for stabilizing the kidneys and nourishing the liver.	Myrrhoriginal: 沒藥 (Moyao). A resin derived from the Commiphora* tree, originally imported via maritime trade routes; it is used to invigorate blood and alleviate pain.*	Japanese Knotweedoriginal: 虎杖 (Huzhang). Literally "Tiger Staff," named for the speckled pattern on its stems; used to treat inflammation and skin conditions.
Trifoliate Orange Treeoriginal: 枳樹 (Zhishu). A hardy, thorny citrus tree; its dried fruit is a common medicinal agent for moving "Qi" (vital energy) and relieving bloating.	Umbrella Polyporeoriginal: 猪苓 (Zhuling). A medicinal fungus found on the roots of deciduous trees, used as a diuretic to regulate fluid balance in the body.	Emblic Myrobalanoriginal: 菴摩勒 (Anmole). Often referred to as Amla, this vitamin-rich fruit is used in both Chinese and Ayurvedic traditions for its cooling and restorative properties.
Magnolia Barkoriginal: 厚朴 (Houpo). The aromatic bark of Magnolia officinalis, prized for its ability to treat "dampness" in the digestive tract and respiratory congestion.	White Thornoriginal: 白棘 (Baiji). Refers to the thorns of the jujube tree, which were historically applied to draw out toxins from skin abscesses.