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To the Northwest borders the Shaanxi boundary
Xiangyang Prefecture A historically vital strategic city on the Han River, often called the "Gateway to the South."
Chengtian Prefecture Modern Zhongxiang, Hubei. It held high status in the Ming Dynasty as the birthplace of the Jiajing Emperor.
Yunyang Prefecture A mountainous region created to manage internal refugees and maintain order in the borderlands between three provinces.
Jingzhou Prefecture One of the ancient Nine Provinces of China; a major administrative and military hub on the Yangtze River.
To the West borders the Sichuan boundary
Yongshun A Tusi (tribal chieftainship) territory governed by the Peng clan, who provided "brave troops" for the Ming state.
Baojing Department Another significant Tusi territory in the mountainous west.
Changde Prefecture
Shizhou Guard A "Wei" (Guard) was a military administrative unit. Shizhou was located in the remote Enshi region.
Chenzhou Prefecture Not to be confused with the Chenzhou in the southeast; this was a key transit point for the western interior.
Jingzhou Department Distinct from the Jingzhou Prefecture mentioned above; this was a smaller administrative unit in the southwest.
Baoqing Prefecture
To the Southwest borders the Guizhou boundary