Jingxing

Jingxing Pass is one of the strategic "Eight Passes of Taihang." It served as a critical gateway between the North China Plain and the Shanxi plateau, making it a vital chokepoint for internal defense and troop movement.

The seven locations mentioned above are collectively called
This refers to the six locations from the previous page—Jizhou, Changping, Baoding, Miyun, Yongping, and Yizhou—plus Jingxing. These areas were the primary defensive buffer for the imperial capital, Beijing.

Garrisons

The term "Zhen" (鎮), translated here as Garrison or Frontier Command, refers to the high-level military districts established to manage defense against the Northern Nomadsoriginal: "Bei Lu" (北虜). A historical term used by the Ming to refer to various Mongol and tribal confederations..

Liaodong, Xuanfu, Datong, Shanxi, Yansui, Ningxia, Guyuan

These seven districts, combined with the Ji and Gansu Garrisons, formed the Nine Garrisonsoriginal: "Jiu Zhen" (九鎮). This was the definitive military administrative system of the Ming Dynasty’s Great Wall defense, stretching from the Shanhai Pass in the east to the Jiayu Pass in the west..