Treatise on Military Preparedness, Volume 90

Volume 204 of the Treatise on Armament Technology: Divination and Measurement — Receiving [Instruction] — Banner Wu 1

It is noted that Juyong Pass, Huanghua Town, Zhenbian Town, Badaling, Mutianyu, and Huilingkou are all strategically vulnerableoriginal: chong 衝; locations where multiple routes converge, making them prime targets for enemy cavalry and requiring high concentrations of defensive forces..

The two "barbarian" groups of Shi and Che were originally of the Doyan One of the "Three Guards" of the Uriankhai Mongols who historically served as a buffer between the Ming Empire and the Northern Yuan. stock. During the Jiajing and Longqing eras 1522–1572 CE, they successively submitted to the interior and moved to live within the borders. In the area encompassing Zhousigou, Dishuiya, and the southern mountains of Longmen Post, they received our pacification rewardsoriginal: fushang 撫賞; a Ming policy of providing subsidies, titles, and trading rights to tribal leaders in exchange for loyalty and border security..

In the 18th year of the Wanli era 1590 CE, the chieftain Antu enticed them to rebel and flee. Later, through a ruse, the children of Shi Erguan’er, including Honghai and others, were captured. The Shunyi Likely referring to the Shunyi Prince, a title granted to the Altan Khan and his successors who cooperated with the Ming. then captured and presented Shi Erguan’er, Wolie, and their associates to the court. Their tribes subsequently returned to submit and were settled in various locations such as Yongning, Boluo, and Chang’an Ridge. To this day, they continue to receive pacification rewards as they did in the past.