Treatise on Armament Technology, Volume 204

Treatise on Armament Technology, Volume 204 Record of Divination and Measurement original: Zhan Du 占度; refers to the combined study of celestial omens and terrestrial geography for military strategy. Measurement Completed Outline, Part One [Map Labels]

Northern and Peripheral Fortifications:

Xuanfu

A vital military headquarters of the "Nine Garrisons," responsible for the defense of the northwest approach to the capital.

Yanqing

Longqing

Huailai

Tumu

Site of the Tumu Crisis in 1449, where the Ming army was defeated and the Emperor was captured by Oirat Mongols.

Yulin

Juyong Pass and Defense Line:

Juyong Pass

Juyongguan One of the three greatest passes of the Great Wall, acting as the final major barrier protecting Beijing from northern invasions.

Badaling

Changyucheng

Zhenbiancheng

Baiyangkou

Nankou

Literally "The Southern Entrance," marking the inner end of the pass leading toward the capital plains.

Imperial Tombs and Changping:

Changping

Xialing

(Multiple "Tomb" markers original: Ling 陵 are scattered here, representing the Ming Tombs, the final resting place of thirteen Ming Dynasty emperors.)

The Capital and Tongzhou Region:

The Capital

original: Jingshi 京師; referring to Beijing. Inside the city are labeled: The Firearm Division, the Five Armies Division, and the Three Thousand [Cavalry] Division. These represent the Three Great Camps, the elite central military forces stationed directly under the Emperor’s command.

Tongzhou

Yuhe Station

Lu River

Pine Tree