⚠The text on the far left margin is partially cut off and contains some visual noise/ink bleed.

Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Three Realms

original: "Sancai Tuhui" (三才圖會). A renowned Ming dynasty encyclopedia compiled by Wang Qi and Wang Siyi, intended to document all knowledge across the "Three Realms" of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity.

The text on the far left margin is partially cut off and contains some visual noise and ink bleed from the printing process.

Paulownia

Woody Plants, Volume 37

Paulownia original: "Tong" (桐). In traditional Chinese botanical classification, this term encompasses several distinct species, most notably the Paulownia (Empress Tree) and the Vernicia (Tung oil tree). The former was highly prized for its resonant wood, essential for crafting musical instruments like the guqin (zither), while the latter provided oil for waterproofing and finishes.

The illustration depicts a branch of the tree, highlighting its large, broad leaves with prominent, palm-like venation. These leaves are a hallmark of the species, often described in historical texts as being so large they "shade the ground."