Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Kingdoms, Vol. 26

Later, they gathered the leaders of various tribes to conquer and subdue neighboring countries. Entering from the Khorasan mountains original: "戈臘山" (Gelashan), likely referring to the Khorasan region of northeastern Persia into Persia original: "巴社" (Bashe), they seized fertile territories and established a kingdom there, naming it the Seljuk Kingdom original: "塞爾牙" (Sai'erya). Soon after, they crossed the Euphrates River to attack Greece original: "額力西" (Elixi/Hellas) and Aden. They were invincible wherever they went, eventually establishing another kingdom in Asia Minor called the Sultanate of Rum original: "羅翁" (Luoweng).

Afterward, other Turkish leaders conquered Syria and other nations. At that time, the various countries on the western side of Asia all fell under Turkish rule. Relying on their fierce strength, they expanded aggressively. However, the Way of Heaven revolves in cycles a Chinese idiom suggesting that pride or aggression eventually meets a balancing force; thus, the various nations of Europe and the Latin nations original: "臘體訥" (Latine), referring to the Roman Catholic/Crusader states simultaneously raised armies to seize the two provinces of Jerusalem and Iconium original: "伊哥尼吾" (Yigoniwu), modern-day Konya, Turkey. At the same time, the Mongol Khan also attacked from the rear via Tartary, seizing Persia and destroying the Seljuk king. All of these events occurred after the year 1213. This corresponds to the 6th year of the Jiading era of Emperor Ningzong of the Song Dynasty, and the 1st year of the Zhenyou era of Emperor Xuanzong of the Jin Dynasty. From then on...