Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms

of the Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms
original: 海國圖志目錄 (Haiguo Tuzhi Mulu)

Volume 57

The Northern Oceans These are all located to the north of the Mediterranean Sea original: 洲中海 (zhouzhonghai), literally "Sea between the Continents", therefore they are distinguished as the "Northern Oceans."

The Kingdom of Prussia Also written as Beilusi, Polusi, Puluxie, Tuliya, the Kingdom of Kongge’er, Ya’ermiya, or Maxigabi. These are the "Single Eagle" Referring to the heraldic eagle on the Prussian ensign who come to Canton The primary trading port for Westerners in 19th-century China.

Volume 58

The Kingdom of Denmark original: 嗹國 (Lian-guo) Also written as the Kingdom of Daini or Yinglimilujia. Those of this nation who come to Canton use the yellow flag. ○ This entry was originally missing and is now supplemented.

The Kingdom of Sweden original: 瑞丁國 (Ruiding-guo) Also written as the Kingdom of Sweden original: 瑞典 (Ruidian). This is a different place from the "Kingdom of Switzerland" original: 瑞國 (Rui-guo) located south of the sea. Also written as Shoulin, Shoushalan, Suyitian, or Xueji. The people of Canton call them the "Blue Flag." This entry was originally missing and is now supplemented.