Illustrated Gazetteer of the Maritime Kingdoms

...is called Neiva original: 內巴 (Nèibā); one is called Mariquita original: 馬黎濟大 (Mǎlíjìdà); one is called Popayán original: 波巴焉 (Bōbāyān); one is called Pasto original: 巴斯多 (Bāsīduō); one is called Buenaventura original: 布挨那滋都拉 (Bùāinàzīdūlā); one is called Chocó original: 說各 (Shuōgè); one is called Panama original: 巴那馬 (Bānàmǎ); one is called Veragua original: 委拉瓜 (Wěilāguā); one is called Cartagena original: 加爾達 (Jiāěrdá); one is called Na original: 那 (Nà); possibly a shorthand for Tunja or a remnant of a longer phonetic name; one is called Mompox original: 蒙波士 (Méngbōshì); one is called Santa Marta original: 三達麻爾大 (Sāndámǎěrdà); one is called Riohacha original: 里約合沙 (Lǐyuēhéshā); one is called Tun original: 冬 (Dōng); likely Tunja; one is called Pamplona original: 邦不羅那 (Bāngbùluónà); one is called Socorro original: 索各羅 (Suǒgèluó); and one is called Casanare original: 加薩那勒 (Jiāsànàlè).

The second is the nation of Ecuador original: 厄瓜爾多 (Èguāěrdūo). To its east, it reaches the nation of Brazil original: 巴拉西利 (Bālàxīlì). To the west, it rests against the Great Sea the Pacific Ocean. To the south, it borders Peru original: 北盧 (Běilú); "North Lu," a phonetic approximation of Peru common in 19th-century Chinese texts. To the north, it is bounded by New Granada. Its length and width are both approximately three thousand li a traditional Chinese unit of distance, roughly 500 meters. Its total land area is approximately 380,000 square li. The population is over 630,000 people original: 六億三萬 (literally "six 100-millions and thirty thousand"); however, the author follows the ancient "small scale" where 億 (yi) represents 100,000, aligning with historical census data for the 1840s. The climate is temperate and very suitable for human habitation. The soil is fertile and trade is prosperous. The country is divided into eight provinces. Quito original: 基多 (Jīduō) is the national capital, built within a mountain valley. The remaining provinces are Chimborazo original: 井波拉索 (Jǐngbōlāsuǒ), Imbabura original: 英亞不拉 (Yīngyàbùlā), Guayas original: 瓜亞斯 (Guāyàsī), and Manabí original: 馬那比 (Mǎnàbǐ).