Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms, Volume 67: Outer Atlantic Ocean, Nations of the Southern Continent

The Brief Survey of the Maritime Circuit original: 瀛環志略 (Yínghuán Zhìlüè); a foundational mid-19th-century Chinese geography text by Xu Jiyu states: Colombia original: 可倫比亞 (Kělúnbǐyà); also written as 可倫巴 (Kělúnbā) or 金加西蠟 (Jīnjiāxīlà, a phonetic rendering of Cundinamarca) is the northernmost territory of South America original: 南亞墨利加 (Nán Yàmòlìjiā). To the northwest, it reaches Panama original: 巴拿馬 (Bānámǎ) and borders Guatemala original: 危地馬拉 (Wēidìmǎlā). To the east, it borders British Guiana original: 英吉利新地 (Yīngjílì Xīndì); literally "English New Land". To the southeast, it borders Brazil original: 巴西 (Bāxī), and to the southwest, it borders Peru original: 秘魯 (Bìlǔ). To both its north and west, it borders the sea. Its extent in both length and breadth is approximately 5,000 li a traditional Chinese unit of distance, roughly 1/3 of a mile. Along its western border are the great Andes Mountains original: 安達斯大山 (Āndásī Dàshān), which contain volcanic peaks. The Orinoco original: 阿利諾 (Ālìnuò) and Magdalena original: 馬加他 (Mǎjiātā) are its two greatest rivers. The region known as New Granada original: 新加拉那大 (Xīnjiālāndà), one of the three departments of the Spanish original: 西班牙 (Xībānyá) empire in the Americas, is a phonetic transliteration of the name Cundinamarca original: 金加西蠟 (Jīnjiāxīlà).

The Nation of Peru in South America also written as Bolu; this entry was originally missing and is now supplemented Including the Nation of Bolivia

The Brief History of Foreign Nations original: 外國史略 (Wàiguó Shǐlüè) states: The nation of Peru original: 伯路 (Bólù); also written as 孛露 (Bólù) or 北盧 (Běilú) spans an area of 18,580 square li. To the north, it is connected to Colombia; to the south, it borders Bolivia original: 破利威 (Pòlìwēi); and to the east, it reaches...