Overview of Foreign Maps, Volume III

Furthermore, regarding individuals capable of submerging and hiding underwater; investigations reveal that in Gaoliang Township of Lufeng County and Jingzhou of Raoping County in this province Referring to Guangdong Province, as well as Bamu Township in Penghu, Fujian, there are many people who can remain underwater for long periods. It seems they could also be recruited and employed The Qing authorities sought "water braves" or divers to potentially sabotage the hulls of British ships or plant underwater mines. Regarding incendiary weaponry 火攻器具 (huogong qiju): tools for fire-based warfare such as fire arrows original: 火箭 (huojian), flame-tubes original: 噴筒 (phentong), fireballs, and fire jars ceramic vessels filled with gunpowder and incendiaries, used as early grenades to be thrown onto enemy decks, these should also be manufactured and prepared in large quantities to facilitate throwing and use when facing the enemy in battle.

Item: The situation regarding the barbarians is unpredictable; thorough and detailed intelligence reports are essential.

An investigation into the rebel barbarian A standard term used by Qing officials for the British military during the Opium War warships that have entered the Humen 虎門: known to the British as the "Bogue," the narrow strait leading to Guangzhou shows that, as of mid-March, reconnaissance reports fourteen three-masted ships, three two-masted ships, one steamship 火輪船 (huolunchuan): literally "fire-wheel ship," a reference to early steam-powered vessels which were a significant technological shock to the Qing, four large two-masted sampans 三板 (sanban): usually small boats, but here referring to larger ship-to-shore tenders or patrol craft, and one large single-masted sampan.

As for the merchant ships of various nations currently at Whampoa 黃埔 (Huangpu): the primary anchorage for foreign merchant vessels near the city of Canton, there are currently forty vessels. Outside of the Humen, in the Hong Kong area, there are currently seventeen barbarian warships and three supply ships anchored. These situations...