Circuit

Haidongning Circuit

Liaodong Regional Military Commission

Shandong Atlas, Page 4

Mizhou One county; "Three Autumns" This likely refers to a specific tax collection cycle or three harvest periods.

Ju The ancient State of Ju; Ju County; located within the former Zhanyang State; 170 li A li is a traditional Chinese unit of distance, roughly 500 meters. away.

Peng Penglai Modern Penglai, famous for its association with the "Eight Immortals."; Dengzhou Prefecture... 66 li away.

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An Anqiu... The name of the town, Anqiu, is split between two entries in the grid.

Qiu ... 274 li away.

Vice Commissioner of Maritime Defense Haidao Fushi: A high-ranking official responsible for coastal security and anti-piracy operations.

Deng Dengzhou Prefecture; formerly within Laiping... Dengzhou was a critical naval base for the Ming dynasty.

Lai Laizhou Prefecture...

Laizhou Eastern Lai... 125 li away.

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Jiao Ancient State of Gaomi... 93 li away. Refers to Jiaozhou, modern Qingdao area.

Luo Xiami... 93 li away.

Chang The town; 95 li away.

Ninghai Guard Located in Wendeng County... A "Guard" (Wei) was a military garrison of roughly 5,600 soldiers.

Lingshan Guard Qucheng... 83 li away.

Aoshan Guard Ranked as middle-lower.

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Dasong Guard

Chengshan Guard

Jinghai Guard

Weihai Guard This is the origin of modern-day Weihai, established as a military post against Japanese pirates.

Zhi 74 li away.

Fu 50 li away. Likely referring to Fushan.

Qi 52 li away. Likely referring to Qixia.

Zhao 60 li away. Likely referring to Zhaoyuan.

Lai 70 li away. Referring to Laiyang.

Wei 90 li away. Referring to Weixian.

Chang 240 li away. Referring to Changle.

Haidongning Circuit An administrative division covering the eastern coastal regions and the route to Liaodong.

Liaodong Regional Military Commission The high command for the military district of Liaodong, modern-day Liaoning province.

Guards Total of 25 Guards

Dingliao: Central, Front, Left, Right, Rear Five Guards total...

Guangning: Left, Right, Central, Front, Rear Five Guards total...

Shenyang Central [Guard]

Guangning

Dingliao

Shenyang Modern Shenyang, then a vital northern border fortress.

Liaoyang

Haizhou

Gaizhou

Jinzhou

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Lushun A strategic port at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, known later as Port Arthur.