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On the Sun and the Moon. Chapter 1.

A rectangular woodcut illustration depicting the Sun and the Moon. On the left, the Sun is personified with a human face and surrounded by alternating straight and wavy rays. On the right, the Moon is also personified with a face and rays, but it is shown being pierced vertically through the center by a sword. Three four-pointed stars are positioned between the Sun and Moon, and two more are to the right of the Moon.

A large decorative drop-cap initial 'S' at the beginning of the text, featuring ornate floral and foliate scrollwork patterns.

Definition of the Sun?

Sun is, according to the philosopher The "philosopher" in medieval texts almost always refers to Aristotle, whose views on the cosmos were central to education., the eye of the world, the joy of God, the beauty of heaven, the measure of the lands, the power and origin of all things that are born, the lord of the planets, and the leader and protector of all stars.
Of the Moon

The Moon, indeed, is the ornament of the night, the mother of reason, the servant of moisture original: "humoris ministra." This refers to the historical belief that the moon influenced the "humors" or fluids of the body and the tides., the measure of the earth, the mistress of the sea, the transformer of the air, and the rival of the sun. And because she is the rival of the sun, she began to disparage and defame him. The Sun, sensing this, spoke to the Moon, saying: "Why do you disparage and blaspheme me? I have always illuminated and protected you through my light, yet you have always hated and attacked me." To which the Moon replied: "Depart from me, for I do not love you. Because of your great splendor, I am valued as nothing in the world. If you were not raised high over the world, I would be the one in power." To her, the Sun said: "Ungrateful one! Let your own magnificence suffice for you. If I shine in the day, you indeed shine through the night. Let us therefore obey our Creator and do not be proud; instead, allow me to shine and to protect the Lord’s good gifts."

But the Moon, even more enraged, withdrew in fury and called the stars to her. She gathered a very great army and began to do battle with the Sun. She sent arrows toward the Sun and strove to strike him with spears. The Sun, however, since he was positioned higher up, descended and divided the Moon with a sword; he cast down the stars, saying: "I will always do this to you when you are round." For this reason, the moon never remains round A mythological explanation for the phases of the moon—waxing and waning. and the stars have their fall Referring to "falling stars" or meteors.. The Moon remained in confusion, saying: "It was better to share a small portion than to lose the whole."

In this way, many who are proud and haughty wish to rule alone original: "soli dominari," a pun on "sol" (sun) and "soli" (alone)., and they desire to have neither a superior nor an equal.

What is pride?

is man?

Wherefore the gloss A "gloss" is a scholarly or religious commentary written in the margins of a text to explain its deeper meaning. says: Pride is an inflamed arrogance which, despising inferiors, strives to rule over superiors and equals. For indeed, to wish to be above everyone is blameworthy; but to support another who is lesser than oneself is glorious, as Chrysostom says Saint John Chrysostom, an early Church Father known for his eloquent preaching.. For of such people, the poet says: