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The text on the spine and the red label is severely worn and mostly illegible.
This image shows the front cover and spine of a historical book or manuscript binding. The binding is made of tan-colored leather. It features an ornate border pressed into the leather without gold, a technique called blind-tooling. This border displays patterns of scrolling foliage and complex geometric designs. Four stylized floral patterns shaped like sunbursts are stamped in the corners of the front cover. The spine has five raised ridges, which divide it into six sections. The second section from the top contains a red leather title label with faded gold lettering. Near the bottom of the spine, remnants of gold text are visible.
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Venice? original: "VEN", likely an abbreviation for Venetiis, indicating the book was printed or bound in Venice.
leather binding The outer protective cover of a book made from animal hide.
blind-tooled A decorative technique where patterns are impressed into leather using heated tools without the use of gold leaf or ink.
spine The back edge of a book where the pages are joined together.
raised bands The horizontal ridges seen on the spine of a hand-bound book. These are caused by the cords used to sew the pages together.
Venice A major center for printing and book production during the Renaissance.